耦合热、动载荷的超超临界汽轮机迷宫密封动力特性

密封汽流激振严重影响超超临界汽轮机的安全运行,采用DEFINE_CG_MOTION和DEFINE_PROFILE控制宏建立转子的涡动方程,通过Workbench流固耦合方法计算热、动载荷下密封齿形变,根据快速傅里叶变化得到机组运行时的密封动力特性,并对转子稳定性进行分析。结果表明:蒸汽可导致密封齿膨胀变形,温度对密封齿长度变化影响可达1%~1.5%,压力和离心作用对其影响较小。热、动载荷使迷宫密封直接刚度减小,直接阻尼先增加后减小,交叉刚度先减小后增加,动力系数的最大变化为原来的2倍。35~55 Hz内转子稳定裕度急剧下降,转子对密封汽流激振更敏感。热、动载荷引起的压力波动集中在低频范围,密封周向压力波动可增高18.5 kPa。密封高压区的压力波幅剧增是汽流激振显著的主要原因。      

Numerical investigation on flow and heat transfer characteristics of supercritical RP-3 in inclined pipe

Numerical simulations of flow and heat transfer to supercritical RP-3 through the inclined tubes have been performed using LS k–e model embedded in Fluent. The physical properties of RP-3 were obtained using the generalized corresponding state laws based on the fourcomponent surrogate model. Mass flow rate is 0.3 g/s, system pressure is 3 MPa, inlet temperature is 373 K. Inclination of the inclined pipe varied from -90° to 90°, with heat flux varied from 300 k W/m~2 to 400 kW/m~2. Comparison between the calculated result and the experimental data indicates the range of error reasonable. The results of ±45° show that temperature inhomogeneity in inclined pipe produce the secondary flow in its cross section due to the buoyancy force. Depending on the strength of the temperature inhomogeneity, there will be two different forms of secondary flow and both contribute to the convective heat transfer in the pipe. The secondary flow intensity decreases when the inhomogeneity alleviates and thermal acceleration will play a leading role. It will have a greater impact on the turbulent flow to affect the convective heat transfer in the pipe. When changing the inclination, it affects the magnitude of the buoyant component in flow direction. The angle increases, the buoyancy component decreases. And the peak temperature of wall dominated by the secondary flow will move forward and increase in height.     

The adjusted optical properties for Galileo/BeiDou-2/QZS-1 satellites and initial results on BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites

Solar Radiation Pressure (SRP) is the dominant non-gravitational perturbation for GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) satellites. In the absence of precise surface models, the Empirical CODE Orbit Models (ECOM, ECOM2) are widely used in GNSS satellite orbit determination. Based on previous studies, the use of an a priori box-wing model enhances the ECOM model, especially if the spacecraft is a stretched body satellite. However, so far not all the GNSS system providers have published their metadata. To ensure a precise use of the a priori box-wing model, we estimate the optical parameters of all the Galileo, BeiDou-2, and QZS-1 (Quasi Zenith Satellite System) satellites based on the physical processes from SRP to acceleration. Validation using orbit prediction proves that the adjusted parameters of Galileo and QZS-1 satellites exhibit almost the same performance as the corresponding published and “best guess” values. Whereas, the estimated parameters of BeiDou-2 satellites demonstrate an improvement of more than 60% over the initial “guess” values. The resulting optical parameters of all the satellites are introduced into an a priori box-wing model, which is jointly used with ECOM and ECOM2 model in the orbit determination. Results show that the pure ECOM2 model exhibits better performance than the pure ECOM model for Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. Combined with the a priori box-wing model the ECOM model (ECOM+BW) results in the best Galileo, BeiDou-2 GEO and QZS-1 orbits. The standard deviation (STD) of satellite laser ranging residuals reduce by about 20% and 5% with respect to the pure ECOM2 model for Galileo and BeiDou-2 GEO orbits, while the reductions are about 40% and 60% for QZS-1 orbits in yaw-steering and orbit-normal mode respectively. BeiDou-2 IGSO and MEO satellite orbits do not benefit much from the a priori box-wing model. In summary, we suggest setting up a unified SRP model of ECOM+BW for Galileo, QZS-1, and BeiDou-2 orbits based on the adjusted metadata. In addition, we estimate the optical parameters of BeiDou-3e and QZS-2 satellites using a limited number of tracking stations. Results regarding the unified SRP model indicate the same advantages, the STD of satellite laser ranging residuals reduces by about 30% and 20% for QZS-2 and BeiDou-3e orbits respectively over orbit products without a priori model. The estimation procedure is effective and easy to apply to the new emerging satellites in the future.     

高空发动机试车台矢量推力现场动态校准技术

根据发动机试车台矢量推力现场动态校准需求，通过系统化论证，针对试车台的技术要求及校准需求，解决发动机试车台现场实际使用和实验室校准条件不同造成的附加测量误差、试验台推力无法整体校准等问题。文中提出了利用摆锤式动态力加载装置实现标准矢量力加载的方案，为了验证设计方案的可行性，利用现有的设备研究验证校准方案，通过试验和分析给出了校准不确定度。结果表明：该方案动态性能优异，响应迅速，动态校准不确定度为2.2%，能满足高空发动机试车台矢量推力测试的需求，为后续进一步准确测试矢量推力提供了依据。     

小型磁偏转质谱计性能实验研究

自主研发了小型磁偏转质谱计，并对其质量范围、分辨本领、灵敏度和最小可检分压力四个主要性能指标进行了实验测试和比对。结果表明，该质谱计的质量范围为（1~143）amu，相对N₂的分辨本领为1400，灵敏度为4.2×10^-5 A/Pa，最小可检分压力为9.5×10^-7 Pa。该测试和比对结果为磁偏转质谱计进一步的优化设计和性能提高奠定了重要基础。     

小半径弯管弯胀复合成形研究

为解决小半径弯管内侧起皱、外侧减薄的成形缺陷,提出了一种弯胀复合成形的方法。通过几何关系解析了初始弯曲半径和初始管坯直径与最终管径和最终弯曲半径之间的关系,确定了初始弯曲半径的取值范围。采用有限元与实验相结合的方式研究了不同初始弯曲半径对零件壁厚分布的影响,分析了胀形过程中零件弯曲处及直壁处的变形规律。最终发现:初始弯曲半径越大,零件的最终减薄越小,胀形过程中弯曲处内外侧发生均匀减薄,直壁处内侧减薄明显大于外侧减薄。     

ZL205A合金舱体低压工艺设计及数值仿真应用

针对某ZL205A合金舱体铸件壁薄难充型、壁厚差异大、易产生裂纹等特点,设计了低压底注式浇注工艺。采用立筒缝隙式浇注系统分配充型过程中合金的流量,局部厚大部位放置成形冷铁加快该部位的冷却速度,以控制铸造缺陷的产生。利用ProCast数值仿真软件对工艺进行仿真计算,成功预测了缺陷的产生位置,对工艺方案进行优化,包括倒角过渡、改变型砂使用等,并在优化方案的基础上浇注了舱体铸件,铸件质量良好,没有缩松、缩孔、裂纹等缺陷,符合相关技术要求。     

新一代战斗机非定常流动数值研究综述

新一代战斗机强调超机动能力和强隐身性，其中大攻角下的静态失速、动态失速及内埋弹仓绕流是与高机动和强隐身密切相关的、极具挑战的几类典型的非定常流动，它们对数值方法提出了极高的要求。为了高精度地仿真流场、清楚地揭示流动机理，有效地控制非定常流动，非常有必要发展高精度且高效率的RANS-LES混合方法体系，包含RANS-LES混合方法本身、与RANS-LES混合方法匹配的高精度自适应耗散格式、基准湍流模式、高质量计算网格、高精度时间推进方法、非定常量的统计方法等，具有极强的紧迫性。提出、发展、验证并应用该类方法数值仿真新一代战斗机（包括单独部件、组合体、甚至全机）的非定常流动，数值预测结果与风洞实验数据吻合良好；此类方法可为新型战斗机设计提供理论依据和分析手段。     

某型飞机空中受油管自动开锁故障分析

针对某型飞机空中受油管在收上位置钢珠锁自动开锁故障,对空中受油管液压收放系统、电路控制系统、收上位置钢珠锁工作原理进行分析,比对钢珠锁开锁压力理论计算和收放系统回油压力测试试验结果,找出空中受油管收上位置钢珠锁自动开锁原因,提出改进建议。     

风-雨耦合环境超高层三塔连体建筑雨压分布研究

以中国东南沿海某超高层三塔连体建筑为研究对象，以风-雨双向耦合算法为核心，基于计算流体动力学技术采用连续相和离散相模型进行风场和雨场的迭代模拟。首先基于9种风雨组合工况进行三塔连体建筑非定常脉动风场模拟，探讨超高层三塔连体建筑平均风压分布、表面速度流线和流场干扰机理。然后对比研究不同风雨组合工况下主塔表面雨滴附着数量、雨滴冲击力和雨压系数的分布规律，揭示风-雨耦合场中结构表面速度流线、雨滴运行轨迹和最终速度的作用机理。最后提炼出超高层三塔连体建筑最不利风-雨组合工况，并给出对应的雨压系数取值建议。研究表明：风-雨耦合环境下超高层连体建筑迎风面雨荷载作用最为显著，此时雨荷载与风荷载最大比值可达23.81%，局部测点最大雨压系数达到0.301，100 a重现期风速和强大暴雨组合为风-雨耦合作用的最不利组合工况。